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All Updated Guides

Industrial BESS kWh Sizing Guide (Battery Energy Storage, with Formula & Examples)

Size industrial BESS kWh, PCS kW, peak shaving, RTE, and cycle life: formulas, worked examples, and links to factory load and UPS battery tools.

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Fuse vs Breaker Sizing: When to Use Each OCPD

Fuse vs breaker sizing for industrial feeders—when each OCPD wins, with examples. Free screening steps and breaker/cable calculator links.

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Generator Fuel Use & Runtime (L/h Screening Formulas)

Estimate diesel generator fuel L/h and runtime from kW load—free screening formulas and examples. Link to generator wattage sizing (not a fuel shop).

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UPS Lithium or Lead-Acid? Comparison Guide

UPS lithium or lead-acid (VRLA/AGM/gel): cycle life, DoD, temperature, and TCO. Free comparison before you replace UPS batteries.

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SCCR & Protection Coordination (Free Planning Checklist)

Plan SCCR and selective coordination before OCPD buy-off. Free checklist with fuse/breaker context, examples, and links to protection calculators.

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Short-Circuit & Fault Current Planning Overview (Industrial)

Plan short-circuit studies before breaker SCCR and cable withstand checks—free checklist, terminology, and links to protection calculators (not a fault calculator).

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Transformer Impedance Calculator (%Z → Fault Current Screen)

Free transformer impedance (%Z) formula with instant secondary fault-current screen, FLA table, and industrial examples—estimate only, not a bolted-fault study.

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ATS Transfer Time for UPS & Generators (Electrical)

ATS transfer time for electrical UPS and generators: crank, stabilize, overlap, re-transfer. Free planning checklist—not shipping UPS. Examples with runtime tools.

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UPS Ride-Through / Bridge Time (Backup Minutes)

UPS ride-through and bridge time for electrical backup: minutes to cover ATS and generator start. Free formula & examples—verify with runtime and battery calculators.

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Load Factor Formula: Peak vs Average kW

Load factor formula = average kW ÷ peak kW. Free factory example from utility kWh bills—improve LF without confusing diversity or connected load.

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